Pneumatic Dryer
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Pneumatic Dryer
The structure of the mesh belt dryer
The structure for the mesh belt dryer includes an elongated drying chamber 10. The drying chamber includes a treated air plenum 12 extending along the entire top 14 of the chamber. The bottom of the plenum 12 is formed by a perforated ceiling 16 to evenly distribute the treated air from the plenum into the main chamber 18.
The air to be fed through the plenum is treated. Normally, the air will be treated by heating as shown in the drawings schematically by heater 20. Thus, the fibrous material will be dryed by the heated, dryed air. The heated air will be conveyed to the plenum by duct 22 which is bifurcated at Y 24. It is desirable to have the air dispersed evenly through the perforations into the main chamber 18.
It will be understood that the air to be delivered could contain excessive moisture in the event it was desired to add moisture to extremely dry fibrous material. Also, situations where other types of air treatment might be provided. The spent air is withdrawn through spent air header 26. The spent air header is connected to exhaust ducts 28 which extend into the chamber as specified later. The spent air header is pneumatically connected to the inlet of exhaust fan 30. It has been found that better treatment of the fibrous material is obtained if the treated air is drawn from above the mass of treated material 32 through the treated material and the air permeable belt 34 which supports the mass of treated material.
The elongated drying chamber has an inlet end 36 for loading the fibrous material into the chamber. Also, the chamber 10 has an outlet end 38 where the fibrous material is removed from the chamber. The air permeable belt 34 in the form of a half by half modified wire mesh belt is trained over two wheels. Drive wheel 40 extends across the chamber at the outlet end 38. The wheel 40 is powered by suitable motor, not shown, for clarity and conciseness of the drawings. Adjustable wheel 42 extends across the chamber at the inlet end 36. The wheel 42 is adjustable inasmuch as bearings 44 which support shaft 46 of the adjustable wheel 42 are mounted on plates 48 which may be longitudinally moved along the sides 50 of the elongated chamber 10. Those skilled in the art will understand that to keep proper tension in the belt it is necessary to have an adjustment. The drive wheel 40 and adjustable wheel 42 are in the form of sprockets 52 which engage the wire mesh belt 34.
The mesh belt dryer has top run 54 upon which the mass of treated material 32 is placed. Bottom run 56 of the belt is supported by bottom or floor 58 of the chamber 10. The exhaust ducts extend from one chamber wall or side 50 to another below the top run 54 and above the bottom run 56 respectively. The side along the spent air header 26 has a circular opening at each exhaust duct whereby the spent air may be conveyed from the exhaust duct to the spent air header to be drawn to the fan 30.
The exhaust ducts 28 in cross section are pentagons. Each of the ducts 28 has two sides 60, a slotted bottom 62 and an inclined roof or top 64. The top is preferably formed by two inclined planes. The inclined planes slope from the center downward to each side. The pitch of the slopes or inclined planes are sufficiently steep so that any trash falling upon the top of the exhaust ducts 28 will slide from the exhaust ducts downward. It is important not to permit trash from accumulating on the tops of the exhaust ducts inasmuch as when a sufficient mass of accumulated trash accumulates and falls off it interrupts the operation of the dryer. It appears that a one to one pitch, which is to say that an inclination of 45 degrees is sufficient for the inclined planes to satisfactorily to shed trash which would fall upon them.
Trash which falls downward will mainly fall through the bottom run 56 of the belt 34 and be conveyed to the inlet end 36 of the chamber 10. Trash conveyor 66 extends across the inlet end of the chamber. It is located below the main floor 58 of the chamber as shown in the drawing. An auger conveyor works well to remove the trash which is conveyed by the bottom run of the mesh belt dryer to the inlet end.
To eliminate as much trash as possible which might remain on the top of the bottom run 56, scraper 68 is mounted near the inlet end 36. The scraper is mounted between the top and bottom run at a location which is free of the adjustable wheel 42 when the adjustable wheel is at its extreme inward position. The scraper includes a flexible flap 70 preferably of reinforced rubber which is attached to a clamp 72. The flap 70 may be extended for adjustment purposes or for wear. Conveyor 74 extends across the chamber above the bottom run 56 of the belt 34 and also partially above the flap 70 as shown in the drawings. Therefore, this will prevent trash from being carried around the adjustable wheel 42. The clamp 72 is attached to a trash scroll 76 which is mounted for vertical movement so that the entire clamp assembly can be raised or lowered.
Plate 78 extends across the chamber above the conveyor 74 and is attached to the two sides 50 of the chamber 10. The plate 78 prevents trash from falling at the inlet end 36 onto the adjustable wheel 42. It will be understood that as the fibrous material is loaded into the dryer that considerable trash will sift through the belt 34 at that point. The plate 78 prevents this trash from fouling the adjustable wheel 42.
Preferably, the chamber 10 is built in modules of five foot length. If the elongated chamber is basically 25 feet in length there would be five modules bolted together. Each module has at its top perforated ceiling 16 which would be the bottom of the treated air plenum 12 and a main chamber 18 extending from the treated air chamber to the top run 54 of the belt 34. Also, each of the sides 50 has flange 80 in the form of an angle iron which supports edge 82 of the belt 34. Above the belt, another flange called hold down flange 84 will be a portion of an angle iron which will prevent the edge of the belt from rising.
The mesh belt dryer 34 is supported primarily by intermittent "V" shaped supports 86. The "V" shaped supports include two legs 88, one extending from the angle iron of flange 80 to center strap 90. Each of the legs is conveniently welded to the angles and to the strap. Each of the legs 88 is in the form of angle irons. The point of the "V"s point toward the outlet end 38 of the chamber 10. The "V" shaped supports are placed about 20 inches on center in the five foot modules, that is to say, there will be three "V" shaped supports for each module. Straight cross piece 92 will extend directly across the chamber at each end of each module. If the chamber is about four feet in width, the legs will form about a 60 degree angle with the sides 50 of the chamber 10.
It is desirable that there be a space between "V" shaped supports 86 where the top run 54 of the belt 34 is supported only by the flanges 80 on each side and the center strap 90 in the middle. This permits the belt to sag or flex between "V" shaped supports as seen in FIG. 6. Also, as the belt runs on the "V" shaped supports, the belt will be trained toward the center and not trained to one side or the other.
At least one idler roller 94 is journalled by bearings mounted on the sides 50 of each module. Shaft 96 of the idler rollers is located immediately below the center strap 90. Each roller is mounted between two "V" shaped supports as seen in the drawings. A sprocket 98 is attached to the shaft near the bearings on each side and engages the top run 54 of the belt 34 and is therefore driven by it. Each of the shafts 96 has a diagonal wing or gusset 100 attached thereto. The gusset extends when in the vertical position above the top of the "V" shaped supports.(See FIG. 5) Two diagonal gussets are mounted on each shaft, one operating between the angle iron of the flange 80 on one side and the strap 90 at the center and one between the opposite flange and the center strap. As the idler roller is rotated, the gussets 100 or wings bump the belt causing it to flex upward.
It will be understood that the belt 34 will be flexed by the bumping of the mesh belt dryer from below and also be flexed as it is run over intermittent "V" shaped supports 86. The flexing of the belt will shake the fibrous material, aiding in the release of trash from the fibrous material, thereby aiding the cleaning of the material. The shaking will also prevent excessive packing of the fibrous material from the downflow of the treated air downward through the mass of the fibrous material.
It is desirable not to agitate or to break up the mass of fibrous material inasmuch as this tends to cause the air to flow between locks or clumps of material rather than flow through the fibrous material itself.
The embodiment shown and described above is only exemplary. I do not claim to have invented all the parts, elements or steps described. Various modifications can be made in the construction, material, arrangement, and operation, and still be within the scope of my invention.
The restrictive description and drawings of the specific examples above do not point out what an infringement of this patent would be, but are to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The limits of the invention and the bounds of the patent protection are measured by and defined in the following claims.
About the Author
The structure for the mesh belt dryer includes an elongated drying chamber 10. The drying chamber includes a treated air plenum 12 extending along the entire top 14 of the chamber. The bottom of the plenum 12 is formed by a perforated ceiling 16 to evenly distribute the treated air from the plenum into the main chamber 18.
Pram needs! Can anyone recommend a good all terrain pram?
Hello,
I had an Urban Detour travel system, when it was all well, it was magnificent - strolling over lumps and bumps as if it were fresh air. Light to push indeed - until, it got punctures, which it frequently did! I am now an expert inner tube fixer, and, believe me, it's not easy with your baby screaming, in the rain, and you remember you have to wait for the stuff to dry etc.
I really want another pram, a nice light pram to handle, that does not suffer from punctures, but will handle going over sand, hills and rocky roads - can anyone recommend a good pram?
I've seen the Quinny type prams, with their tiny wheels, I fear they will fair no better than the tiny stroller I bought to fit in the car with the holiday packing. I am wary of pneumatic tyres, I must admit, but if anyone can guarantee theirs faired far better than mine, I might just change my mind.
Your pram type advice is truly appreciated!!
I would suggest a First wheels pram but it depnds on the age of the child or the best of the all is a baby jogger that will easy peasly go over sand,gravel with know hassel and if you get a good make the tyres will be fine 
Screenprinting: Screen Dryer Box & Pneumatic Stretcher